Graph topology-constrained BILP for optimal PMU placements

In the monitoring and control of power systems, the deployment of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) is of paramount importance, yet their high installation costs have limited their widespread application. To address this issue, this paper proposes an innovative method based on graph topology constraints, known as the Graph Topology-constrained Binary Integer Linear Programming (GT-BILP) approach, aimed at achieving the optimal configuration of PMUs. This method not only takes into account cost-effectiveness but also ensures the complete observability of the system. By quantifying the contribution of each node and bus to the system's observability within the network, a novel contribution matrix is constructed. This matrix integrates the dynamic characteristics of network topology and information flow, providing precise decision support for the deployment of PMUs. By combining the matrix with the network's planning model, the GT-BILP model is obtained, which can effectively solve the PMU layout requirements for large power grids. For the special case of zero-injection buses (ZIBs), the Topology Transformation algorithm has been improved, significantly enhancing the solution efficiency and quality. Through simulation experiments on multiple IEEE standard test systems, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed GT-BILP model have been verified. This research is of significant importance for improving the monitoring and control capabilities of power systems and provides a new perspective for technological advancement in this field. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.