An efficient power management circuit with MPPT for self-powered wireless sensors

In this paper, we proposed a power management circuit (PMC) specifically designed for low-power electromagnetic vibrational energy harvesters, capable of operating with AC voltage as low as 1.1V. The PMC consists of an active quadruple voltage rectifier module, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) module, a DC-DC converter module, an energy charging and discharging management module, and an energy storage unit. Experimental validation was performed using an electromagnetic vibration energy harvester (EVEH). The active quadruple voltage rectifier utilizes a single comparator to regulate identical MOSFETs, thereby reducing component counts. A novel MPPT technique utilizing hysteresis comparators is introduced to enhance the stability and accuracy of MPPT process. Results indicate a minimal MPPT tracking rate error 7.32%, and the overall conversion efficiency (CE) of the PMC reaches a high efficiency of 89.70 % while the output power of the harvester is 1.67 mw.