Some Aspects of the Organization of the Human Visual Analyzer: Cybernetic Approach

In the article, the results of previous research on the problematic issues of the organization and functioning of the human eye retina from a cybernetic point of view are given in a concise form, some of which are confirmed by modeling. In more detail, the organization of individual components of the human visual analyzer is considered, namely, the lateral geniculate nucleus and several areas of the visual cortex. In particular, the transfer of information from different areas of the retina, its placement in the layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus, and the determination of highly dynamic zones in the image for controlling saccades are justified. It is shown that information about the magnitude of the difference of brightness and color is stored in the same difference, and in the brain, there is an exact binding of the points of the differences to the types and location of both bipolar cells and their cones in the retina. A functional linear organization of the architecture of the visual cortex of the brain is proposed for determining the orientation of the lines in the image, which makes it possible to join the lines of one orientation, detect different types of movement, and evaluate the speed of changes in the space of the scene. According to the idea/hypothesis of the columnar organization of neurons, an orientational columnar organization of neurons is proposed, which makes it possible to determine all of the possible orientations of lines at one point in space, i.e., determine the angles, tangents, and intersections of lines, their orientation, coordinates, and dimensions, which are very powerful informative features for searching and recognizing objects and building the frame of the object, as well as its three-dimensional model (under the condition of using information from both eyes). An idea is proposed to restore an actual scene image by coloring the spatial areas of the image using information not only of the contours of the areas, but also of actual brightness values from the foveola and fovea zones of the central fovea. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.