A new generation cyber-physical system: A comprehensive review from security perspective

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are essential to the contemporary industrial landscape, performing a central role in improving productivity, mechanization, and innovation across several sectors. These systems are the conflux of physical processes and digital mechanics, developing a symbiotic integration with numerous benefits. Communication technologies play a very significant role in CPSs by facilitating real-time data exchange, coordination, and coherent integration. 5G and Beyond communication technologies are contributing significantly to CPS by facilitating ultra-fast, low-latency connectedness. They also improve real-time transfer, enabling better control and supervision of physical processes. In this paper, the authors emphasized the security aspects of 5G and beyond CPSs. The significance of the domain is derived by studying the various application domains of the CPSs and literature published on CPS security. The major threats attempted on 5G and beyond CPS are discussed in detail along with the taxonomy of the exiting security solutions by covering the aspects of assessment of cyber-attacks emanation, CPS attack prototyping, attack identification, and development of security architectures. The authors also presented the major challenges occurring in the deployment of CPS applications, key research domains, and major issues in 5G and beyond CPS security. The security landscape of 6G CPS applications is also discussed in brief with key challenges. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd