In-situ Technologies for Controlling Sediment Phosphorus in Eutrophic Shallow Lakes: A Review

Phosphorus(P) is the main limiting factor in eutrophication. Sediment P can be released decades after its accumulation. Lake restoration requires the reduction of internal sediment P loading. Although we tried to provide a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art sediment P control technologies, our analyses in this review are focused on the mechanisms, control effects,and application conditions of different in-situ technologies including physical control, chemical control, ecological remediation, and combined control technology. The design principles, feasibility, operation parameters, and pros & cons of these technologies are analyzed and compared. More efforts are needed to improve in-situ sediment P control technologies so as to enhance the interaction between materials and plant communities and promote the adsorption and fixation of active P in sediments. The control materials for internal sediment P loading need to be further studied in terms of their functional properties, pre-evaluation of the P control effect, and engineering applications.