Automotive Cybersecurity Testing: Survey of Testbeds and Methods

Computing and connectivity capabilities in modern cars have introduced new cybersecurity challenges that can potentially affect the safety of an automobile and its occupants. Effective cybersecurity testing of vehicles can play a crucial role in discovering and addressing security flaws; however testing a real vehicle (involv-ing cyber-physical components) carries safety and economic risks. Therefore, many researchers and practitioners rely on testing environments (commonly known as testbeds) for uncovering cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Effective and efficient security testing needs the application of appropriate and systematic testing methods. This study presents a survey of seven different automotive cybersecurity testbeds proposed over the last ten years (between 2012 and 2019) as well as four different types of cybersecurity testing methods employed by cybersecurity researchers. This survey will help students, researchers, and professionals with designing and building their testbeds and refining their testing techniques and methodologies. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.