Lithium iodide promoted CO2 hydrogenation towards ethanol via biphasic lewis-acid-base pairs synergistic catalysis

Ethanol synthesis via CO2 hydrogenation is of great importance in view of its high-value utilization. Herein, combining with heterogeneous and homogenous catalysis, we have developed an efficient biphasic Lewis-acidbase pairs synergistic catalysis strategy from CO2 hydrogenation. Apart from conventional heterogeneous ethanol synthesis route, it was surprisingly found that LiI homogenous promoter significantly enhanced CO2 conversion, ethanol selectivity, and productivity. LiI promoted CO2 dissolution in pure water and accelerated reaction intermediates consumption, favoring CO2 conversion. In detail, it can weaken C-O bond of CH3OH intermediate through Li+-I- Lewis-acid-base catalysis. The formed CH3I* with lower bond energy for C-I was more facile to dissociate into CH3*, favoring its subsequent coupling with CO* to form ethanol. In combination of Rh1/CeTiOx catalyst, LiI promoter, and methanol as solvent, a record-breaking ethanol yield was achieved (223.1 mmol center dot g-1 center dot h-1). The obtained ethanol yield was about 18.7 times of that reported the best result in literatures. Especially, the established catalyst system could also be applied for synthesis of higher-carbon-number alcohols by the CO2 hydrogenation with other alcohols solvent (CnH2n+1OH, n = 2,3...).