Two-stage optimization strategy for the active distribution network considering source-load uncertainty

This study aims to advance the development of the active distribution network (ADN) by optimizing resource allocation across different stages to enhance overall system performance and economic benefits. First, an ADN optimization model is constructed based on a two-stage robust optimization approach. The first stage focuses on determining optimal decision variables within the uncertainty set, while the second stage adjusts control variables based on the initial stage decisions. This model effectively addresses source-load uncertainties while preserving the flexibility and adaptability of decision-making solutions. Additionally, this study explores uncertainty models that incorporate correlation factors. The IEEE33-node model is employed to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed optimization strategy through numerical simulations. Simulation results demonstrate that Model 3 comprehensively accounts for photovoltaic and wind turbine generator planning by optimizing their capacity configurations, leading to a 23% increase in distributed generation (DG) penetration. During high-load periods (e.g., 13:00 and 16:00), DG output reaches 47% and 50% of the demand load, underscoring the critical role of DG in supporting the power grid during peak hours. Overall, the proposed two-stage optimization strategy considers source-load uncertainties, significantly reducing economic costs, enhancing DG output, and improving overall system performance. In scenarios with correlated uncertainties, the optimized results exhibit greater accuracy and reliability, providing robust support for the planning and operation of practical distribution networks.