Adaptive Lyapunov-based controller for DC bus voltage stabilization in electric vehicle charging stations with system uncertainty

Background: The surge in electric vehicle (EV) adoption marks a transformative era in electric transportation. It draws significant interest from industry stakeholders and end-users. The core of this transformation is the integration of advanced energy storage solutions and intelligent charging mechanisms, enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of EVs. The key aspect of these advancements is the battery energy storage system (BESS), pivotal in managing EV energy requirements. This background underscores the importance of developing BESS designs and control mechanisms to propel the EV industry forward, ensuring EVs remain an appealing and viable option for consumers. Methodology: The research begins with comprehensive global mathematical modeling of the proposed EV charging station system. This study proposes a novel approach by integrating solar, battery, grid, and DC load profile connected to the same DC bus. The DC load profile refers to EVs' energy consumption pattern during battery charging from a DC power supply, focusing exclusively on direct current. However, the nonlinear nature of power-conditioning circuitry introduces challenges, particularly concerning voltage fluctuations in the DC bus. To address this, an innovative Lyapunov-based adaptive controller mitigates voltage fluctuations while accommodating system uncertainties. The proposed system incorporates a 1.5 kW photovoltaic energy system and a 33 Ah battery functioning as the battery energy storage system. Key Findings: Simulation results envisaged the robustness and effectiveness of the developed control scheme in stabilizing EV charging station operations. Compared to traditional control strategies like PID and SMC controllers, the proposed method shows superior performance in regulating DC bus voltage in both standalone and grid-connected scenarios. This work showcases the potential of leveraging the proposed control scheme to optimize renewable energy-powered EV charging stations, marking a significant step towards sustainable and efficient EV infrastructure.