Trends in electrochemical nanosensors for the analysis of antioxidants

Antioxidants play a very critical role in many biological processes in which free radicals are present. The physiological part of these compounds prevents damage to cellular components from arising because of chemical reactions involving free radicals. Oxidation mechanisms appear continuously in living metabolism, and reactive oxygen species are taken from outside step-up oxidation events. Many attempts have been made rapid, economical, and user-friendly analytical approaches for detecting and determining antioxidant capacity in recent years. Electrochemical techniques offer an alternative and powerful strategy for determining antioxidant content as they allow simple and inexpensive detection. This review discusses information about antioxidants, their classification, mechanism of action, and the applications of electrochemical nanosensors to analyze non-enzymatic/enzymatic endogenous, exogenous antioxidants, and synthetic antioxidants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the articles describing the mechanism underlying the modulatory effect of natural and synthetic antioxidants on oxidative stress. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.