Research on optimal time of use price for electric vehicle participating V2G

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) market mechanism is an important foundation for V2G implementation. Based on analyses of EVs' discharging costs and V2G benefit, the upper and lower limits of the EVs discharging price are given. The Poisson distribution features of the EVs users' initial charging/discharging time are considered. Discharging demand function of EV owners is proposed based on economic theory. An optimal formulation of peak-valley TOU (time of use) tariff is proposed to minimize load fluctuations under the constraints of EV charging/discharging time and energy demand. Simulations are carried out on the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan power grid and the optimal peak-valley charging/discharging prices along with the time ranges are obtained, which validates effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2013 Chin. Soc. for Elec. Eng.