A review on methods of predicting tunneling induced ground settlements

The purpose of this review paper is to present the techniques, approaches and methods for assessing the ground settlements induced by tunneling. Tunneling operation poses threat to adjacent structures by creating subsidence, heave, and vibrations which make the structure more vulnerable. With the advent of urbanization and innovative technologies, utilizing underground space is becoming a sustainable practice day by day. The assessment of ground settlement induced by tunneling is significant to policy makers, practitioners and designers associated with tunneling. The versatility of geological strata and condition has led the practice even more challenging. The multidimensional aspects and problems of tunnel applications has made the practice a complex one requiring incorporation of interdisciplinary nature of this study such as geology, civil engineering, mining engineering specially rock engineering and rock mechanics. This paper also addresses the issues regarding various methods, constitutive models, different ground conditions for instance, mixed faced soil and rock interface ground), roles effect of dimensions on analysis and prospects of multi and interdisciplinary roles. © 2014 ejge.