High precision pixel readout circuit design for GM-APD array

被引：1
|
作者：
Zhao J. [1 ]
Zhao Y. [1 ]
Ye M. [1 ]
Xia X. [1 ]
Zhou G. [2 ]
机构：
[1] Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology (Tianjin University), Tianjin
[2] Guangxi Key Laboratory for Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin
来源：
Ye, Mao (mao_ye@tju.edu.cn) | 1600年 / Chinese Society of Astronautics卷 / 46期
关键词：
Delay-line type timeto-digital converter (TDC); Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GM-APD); Laser 3D imaging; Readout circuit;
D O I：
10.3788/IRLA201746.0106007
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
A pixel readout circuit was presented and designed for Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GM-APD) array applying to laser 3D imaging. Based on the principle of time-of-flight (TOF), the pixel readout circuit consisted of two main parts: active quenching circuit (AQC) and time-to-digital converter (TDC). The adopted TDC was a two-segment coarse-fine architecture to manage a trade-off between clock frequency and temporal resolution. Based on interpolation technique, the LFSR used for coarse counting and the delay-line type TDC used for fine counting achieved a wide dynamic range up to 18-bit together. Meanwhile the clock frequency used in those two parts were reduced to 250 MHz and 50 MHz, which are 1/20 and 1/10 of the conventional design frequency, respectively. Thus, the difficulties of design and applications were reduced significantly. The circuit was designed with SMIC 0.18 μm process. The post-simulation results reveal a high precise temporal resolution of 200 ps and a responding range resolution of 3 cm, satisfying the ranging requirements of 3 km laser 3D imaging. Furthermore, the pixel circuit layout area is less than 50×95 μm2, and the total power consumption is 0.89 mW, having the advantages of small area and low power consumption. © 2017, Editorial Board of Journal of Infrared and Laser Engineering. All right reserved.
引用
收藏
页数：8
相关论文
共 16 条
  • [1] Aull B.F., Loomis A.H., Gregory J.A., Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode arrays integrated with CMOS timing circuits, Device Research Conference Digest, 56, 7, pp. 58-59, (1998)
  • [2] Zheng L., Yang J., Liu Z., Et al., Design and implementation of Gm-APD array readout integrated circuit for infrared 3D imaging, Proceedings of SPIE, 8907, pp. 1-10, (2013)
  • [3] Li Q., Chi X., Wang Q., Principle and technology of 3D ladar on a single pulse u sing geiger-mode APD arrays, Laser & Infrared, 12, 3, pp. 1116-1119, (2006)
  • [4] Nutt R., Digital time intervalometer, The Review of Scientific Instruments, 39, 9, pp. 1342-1345, (1968)
  • [5] Vornicu I., RodriguezVazquez R., Rodriguezvazquez A., A CMOS 8×8 SPAD array for time-of-flight measurement and lightspot statistics, 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS2013), pp. 2626-2629, (2013)
  • [6] Zhu K., Li B., Xu J., A wide input range 8 bit cyclic TDC, Application of Electronic Technique, 21, 1, pp. 34-37, (2014)
  • [7] Heinrichs R., Aull B.F., Marino R.M., Et al., Three-dimensional laser radar with APD arrays, Proceedings of SPIE, 4377, pp. 106-117, (2001)
  • [8] Yuan P., Sudharsanan R., Bai X., Et al., 32×32 Geiger-mode ladar camera, Proceedings of SPIE, 7684, (2010)
  • [9] Villa F., Lussana R., Bronzi D., Et al., High linearity SPAD and TDC array for TCSPC and 3D ranging applications, 9370, (2015)
  • [10] Perenzoni M., Perenzoni D., Stoppa D., A 64 ×64-pixel digital silicon photomultiplier direct ToF sensor with 100 Mphotons/s/pixel background rejection and imaging/altimeter mode with 0.14% precision up to 6 km for spacecraft navigation and landing, 2016 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), pp. 118-119, (2016)
12