Effect of electric field on localized surface plasmon resonance properties of Fe3O4/Ag composite nanoparticles

The effect of an electric field on the localized surface plasmon resonance named LSPR properties of Fe3O4/Ag composite nanoparticles was successfully observed. The co-precipitation method was utilized to synthesize Fe3O4/Ag composite nanoparticles, which were deposited on the surface of Au thin film-coated BK7 hemispherical prisms. The light source used in this research was a He-Ne laser beam with a wavelength of 632.8 nm in the Kretschmann array, consisting of a four-layer material of a prism, Au thin film, Fe3O4/Ag composite nanoparticles, and an air medium. A prominent resonance improvement in electro-optic activity was observed at the plasmon resonance frequency. To observe the effect of the applied electric field on the changes in the SPR properties, electric fields with voltage changes of 0, 2, 4, and 6 volts were applied to a prism/Au thin film/air layer structure and a prism/Au thin film/Fe3O4/Ag composite NPs/air layer structure. The SPR angle of the prism/Au thin film/air layer structure was 45.51º. Under an electric field, the SPR angles shifted by 0.10º, 0.17º, and 0.22º, respectively. In addition, the minimum reflectance increased from 0.05 to 0.09, 0.13, and 0.15, respectively. The LSPR angle of the prism/Au thin film/Fe3O4/Ag composite NPs/air layer structure was 46.11º. Under the electric field, the LSPR angles shifted by 0.03º, 0.06º, and 0.08º, respectively. In addition, the minimum reflectance also increased from 0.06 to 0.09, 0.11, and 0.13, respectively. The results demonstrate that the application of an electric field increases the SPR angle and minimum reflectance. As the electric field increases, the refractive index and the dielectric properties of the environment surrounding the nanoparticles, causing the LSPR angle and minimum reflectance to increase. The significant change in the LSPR angle and minimum reflectance due to the application of the electric field indicates that it is possible to use the EO-LSPR system to optimize the performance of the SPR biosensor for future applications. © 2023 Elsevier GmbH