Perfluorinated Compounds in Snow from Downtown Hangzhou, China

被引：1

作者：

Zhang M. ^{[1
]}

Tang F.-L. ^{[1
]}

Yu Y.-Y. ^{[1
]}

Xu J.-F. ^{[1
]}

Chen J.-H. ^{[2
]}

Yu B. ^{[1
]}

Zhou S. ^{[1
]}

Zhang W. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Hangzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Hangzhou

[2] Xiaoshan Environmental Monitoring Station, Hangzhou

来源：

Tang, Fang-Liang (TangFL001@163.com) | 1600年 / Science Press卷 / 38期

关键词：

Hangzhou; Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs); Pollution characteristics; Snow; UPLC-MS/MS;

D O I：

10.13227/j.hjkx.201701040

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Snow samples were collected from the snow event on January 20-22, 2016 from 11 sites in downtown Hangzhou to explore the occurrence of sixteen perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the atmosphere. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction with Oasis WAX cartridges and analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography interfaced with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that seven medium-and short-chain PFCs including C4 and C8 perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs) and C4-C6, C8, and C9 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were detected in the snow samples. Total PFC concentrations ranged from 2.85 to 35.1 ng·L-1, whereas perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated, with ranges of 2.15-23.0 ng·L-1, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected at lower levels, ranging from 0 to 0.46 ng·L-1. As compared to the results from other studies, the PFOA concentrations of the study region were at mid-level and the PFOS concentrations were relatively low. The spatial distribution of PFCs varied, and the pollutant concentrations of the snow samples from the sampling sites located in the urban areas were higher than those in the rural areas. The greatest total PFC concentrations were detected in Fuyang, whereas the lowest concentrations were detected in Jiande and Chun'an. In this study, the high concentrations of PFCs dominated by PFOA that were measured in the Hangzhou snow samples emphasize the importance of atmospheric wet deposition as one of the sources of PFC contamination in this ecological system and should be addressed. The occurrence of PFCs in the air, indicated by their presence in the snow, suggests that the atmospheric environment may be an important contributor in human and ecological exposure to PFCs by local residents. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.

引用

页码：3185 / 3191

页数：6

共 27 条

[1] Paul A.G., Jones K.C., Sweetman A.J., A first global production, emission, and environmental inventory for perfluorooctane sulfonate, Environmental Science & Technology, 43, 2, pp. 386-392, (2009)
[2] Ahrens L., Shoeib M., Harner T., Et al., Wastewater treatment plant and landfills as sources of polyfluoroalkyl compounds to the atmosphere, Environmental Science & Technology, 45, 19, pp. 8098-8105, (2011)
[3] Lau C., Anitole K., Hodes C., Et al., Perfluoroalkyl acids: a review of monitoring and toxicological findings, Toxicological Sciences, 99, 2, pp. 366-394, (2007)
[4] Giesy J.P., Naile J.E., Khim J.S., Et al., Aquatic toxicology of perfluorinated chemicals, Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 202, pp. 1-52, (2010)
[5] Eschauzier C., Beerendonk E., Scholte-Veenendaal P., Et al., Impact of treatment processes on the removal of perfluoroalkyl acids from the drinking water production chain, Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 3, pp. 1708-1715, (2012)
[6] Prevedouros K., Cousins I.T., Buck R.C., Et al., Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates, Environmental Science & Technology, 40, 1, pp. 32-44, (2006)
[7] Senthilkumar K., Ohi E., Sajwan K., Et al., Perfluorinated compounds in river water, river sediment, market fish, and wildlife samples from Japan, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 79, 4, pp. 427-431, (2007)
[8] Zhang D.W., Wang D.G., Zhang L., Et al., A study on the perfluorinated compounds pollution in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 32, 12, pp. 2978-2985, (2012)
[9] Higashiguchi T., Shi J.H., Zhang H., Et al., Distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in water and the sediment in Fenhe River, Shanxi Provice, Environmental Science, 34, 11, pp. 4211-4217, (2013)
[10] Zhang H., Zhao L., He L., Et al., Pollution fingerprints and sources of perfluorinated compounds in surface soil of different functional areas, Environmental Science, 35, 7, pp. 2698-2704, (2014)

← 1 2 3 →