Flame Retardant Organic Aerogels: Strategies, Mechanism, and Applications

Organic aerogel is a three-dimensional (3D) nanoporous material with various advantages, such as numerous chemical structures, designable mechanical strength, and ease of processing compared to inorganic aerogels. However, organic aerogels may be restricted by their intrinsic flammability, which limits their practical applications. To address the issue, various strategies have been adopted, such as incorporating the flame-retardant components into the organic aerogel matrix and using intrinsic flame-retardant organic precursors. This review intends to introduce the processing method, classification, physical properties, and flame-retardant mechanism of flame-retardant organic aerogels. Additionally, the applications of flame-retardant organic aerogels, such as thermal insulation, thermal energy storage, and absorption of organic compounds, will also be summarized.