Geochemistry, fluid inclusion, and stable isotope studies of Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit in Yunnan province, southwestern China

Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc sulfide veins in the Upper Cambrian are located in the southern area of the Baoshan-Zhenkang Paleozoic sedimentary basin, Yunnan Province. Geologic evidence suggests that controls on the deposit are both stratigraphic and structural. The Luziyuan Pb-Zn deposit, hosted by marble and marbleization-limestone of the Shahechang Group, is the largest in this area. Mineralization consists of galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and magnetite. Alteration consists of skarnization, chloritization, silicification, pyritization, and marbleization. Fluid inclusion studies indicate that the mineralization has two main stages: the lower-middle temperature stage (homogenization temperatures of 160°C to 280°C) and the upper-middle temperature stage (homogenization temperatures of 280°C to 420°C). Sulfide has a very uniform S, Pb isotope composition, with δ(34S)=(9.23-10.17)×10-3, ω(206Pb)/ω(204Pb)=18.224-18.338, ω(207Pb)/ω(204Pb)=15.715-15.849, and ω(204Pb)=38.381-38.874. Both the S and Pb isotopes of ore indicate the partial role of magma hydrothermal fluid in mineralization. The carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in the Zhenkang area are considered to be strata-bound hydrothermal deposits that formed in favorable tectonic areas in the basis of ore source beds, are associated with magma activities, and have the features of multi-epochs and multi-stages as well as multi-sources in mineralization.