User interfaces for direct interaction with 3d planning data in the operating room

Computer-aided planning of complex surgical interventions as it is available today enables the surgeon to simulate and to optimize a resection strategy beforehand. The direct access to this planning data in the operating room, however, is limited by the design of the planning systems for preoperative use. Interfaces for operating room interaction need to consider the specific requirements as to the cognitive load, workflow, sterility, and workspace of the surgeon. During surgery, the control of interfaces by conventional interaction devices such as keyboard and mouse is rather limited for the surgeon. This article discusses two concepts for the intra-operative inspection of 3D planning data for liver surgery. The practical applicability of the concepts is discussed within a case study. © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München, Germany 2009.