Tissue engineered oral mucosa: Is it a hype of hope!

The reconstruction of soft tissue defects is an on-going challenge for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon. Though, the transfer of autologous tissue such as pedicle or tissue free flaps is gold standard, they do have certain limitations. To overcome this, we need to have a better alternative. The main objective of this review is focussed on the application of tissue engineering technology to regenerate oral mucosa. Over the last 2 decades tissue engineering has emerged as an alternative technique to repair & restore function of damaged or diseased tissue. This budding field of tissue engineering has met with enthusiasm based on its potential for regeneration and reconstruction of tissues or organs. This is done by using cells and growth factors implanted into or on suitable carrier scaffolds, for eg, Collagen, Amniotic Membrane etc. Its application in various clinical fields especially in Oral Surgery to regenerate oral mucosa has gained importance. An ideal mucosal graft material should be able to cover the wound in ample amount, maintain a functional epithelial barrier, withstand functional stresses, adherent to the wound surface and reduce scarring. This innovative field of tissue engineering will provide benefit to both the surgeon and patient. While research remains limited, animal studies are providing positive evidence for the application of tissue engineering and clinical trials in humans are the next step.