Analytical temperature model for spindle speed selection in additive friction stir deposition

This paper describes a physics-based, analytical model for additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) spindle speed selection to achieve a desired deposition temperature. In the model, power input to the feedstock, which enables plastic flow and deposition, is related to the material temperature rise and subsequent flow stress reduction using Fourier's conduction rate equation. Power input is modeled as frictional heating at the deposit-surface interface and adiabatic heating due to plastic deformation. The flow stress is predicted using the strain, strain rate, and temperature-dependent Johnson-Cook constitutive model for the selected feedstock alloy. Model predictions are compared to AFSD numerical simulation results available in the literature and experiments for aluminum alloys. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/4.0)