Nonlinear eigen modes in optical media supported by cubic and quintic nonlinearities with Parity-Time symmetric hyperbolic complex potential

This work explored optical waves in different nonlinear media, specifically in self-focusing cubic–quintic media, and investigated how these waves evolve and maintain their characteristics under the influence of various factors such as nonlinear interactions, diffraction, and Parity-Time (PT) symmetric complex field with hyperbolic real and imaginary distributions. We explored how the range of the complex field parameter over which PT-symmetry collapse occurs is modified by the order of the nonlinear function, modulation strength that makes up the potential, the separation between peaks, and the width of the PT-symmetric field. A comparison of the soliton solutions with Kerr and quintic nonlinearities clarifies that the span of sustainable PT-symmetry in the self-focusing medium expands with the higher order nonlinear function. We discussed the propagation-related nonlinear evolutions of unstable and robust PT solitons. The conditions necessary for sustained soliton in PT-symmetric and broken PT-symmetric domains were identified by the study of the linear stability of solitons. © 2024 Elsevier GmbH