Application of 3D printing technology in the development of biomedical implants: A review

3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique used for development of near net shaped components. Its application in manufacturing of Bio-implants has been growing due to the complexity of shape associated with these parts. Moreover, this technique has been successfully utilized for manufacturing of customized implants as per individual's need, with improved mechanical properties imitating human bones. Furthermore, the advantages of 3D printed parts over conventionally manufactured parts include generating anatomic models for surgery simulation and control, as well as enhancing the bioactivity as a result of better process control in developing these bio-implants. The use of various 3D printing techniques for development of different bio-implants utilizing varied materials (exhibiting desired properties) has been researched, recognized and successfully established in biomedical science. The current review article discusses and presents the state-of-the-art of various 3D printing techniques associated with bio-implants, and their applications as artificial limbs for varied human organs. Several real-time cases regarding transplantation of 3D printed parts in human body has been discussed and presented with cost and time analysis study. Furthermore, an overview on existing challenges in 3-D printed parts, both metal based and polymer based, is given in an attempt to identify the corresponding causes, and suggest remedial actions to bring about effective methods in this regard. The study has been concluded with a discussion on growing demands of 3D printed bio-implants, and technological advancements bringing about significant process control measures to overcome the challenges in 3D printing techniques. © (2021) Society for Biomaterials & Artificial Organs #20042720