Two-stage economic, reliability, and environmental scheduling of multi-microgrid systems and fair cost allocation

Microgrids (MGs) play a critical role to enhance the flexibility and efficiency of the distribution systems as well as reliability and environmental problems. In this paper, we propose a two-stage multi-objective optimization framework for optimal energy management of multi-microgrid systems (MMG). The proposed model considers the total cost, energy not supplied (ENS), and greenhouse gas emissions to determine the best plan for the MMG system. We propose a hybrid lexicography-compromise programming (CP) to handle non-homogeneous objective functions by the two-stage technique. At the first stage, the operation cost of the MMG system is minimized to determine the best plan from the economic perspective. At the second stage, the ENS and greenhouse gas emissions have been considered objective functions using CP method. The main advantage of the proposed model is that it remains the operation cost of the MMG system at its optimum. The proposed model is based on the cooperation of MGs to provide a stable and reliable solution, where the total cost of the MMG system has been allocated among MGs based on their contributions. The simulation results show the cost of the multi-microgrid system, ENS, and CO2 emissions are improved by 33.72%, 83.5%, and 8%, respectively. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd