Distributed Optimization of Power Grid Considering Dispatching of Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Stations and Data Storage of Blockchain

With the rapid growth of electric vehicles and the development of active distribution networks, the dispatching optimization of power systems containing electric vehicles is increasingly important. In this paper, a three levels distributed algorithm including the dispatching optimization of electric vehicle battery swapping stations is proposed. When compared with traditional centralized algorithms, this distributed algorithm is more suitable for modern power systems with dispersed layouts. On this basis, a data storage of blockchain and consensus mechanism for this model is constructed to guarantee tamper resistance and traceability of all the historical data. In addition, a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) pricing model for electric vehicle battery swapping stations is proposed, which can accurately guide the V2G behaviors of electric vehicle battery swapping stations. For potential line congestions during the optimization process, a dynamic constraint set method is used to revise the optimization results. Finally, a 15-node test system is built to verify the applicability of the model in power systems with a distributed layout. © 2019 Automation of Electric Power Systems Press.