Validation of Doppler Wind Lidar during Super Typhoon Lekima(2019)

This study undertook verification of the applicability and accuracy of wind data measured using a WindCube V2 Doppler Wind Lidar（DWL）.The data were collected as part of a field experiment in Zhoushan,Zhejiang Province（China）,which was conducted by Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration during the passage of Super Typhoon Lekima（2019）.The DWL measurements were compared with balloon-borne GPS radiosonde（GPS sonde） data,which were acquired using balloons launched from the DWL location.Results showed that wind speed measured by GPS sonde at heights of <100 m is unreliable owing to the drift effect.Optimal agreement（at heights of> 100 m）was found for DWL-measured wind speed time-averaged during the ascent of the GPS sonde from the ground surface to the height of 270 m(correlation coefficient:0.82;root mean square（RMS）:2.19 m·s-1).Analysis revealed that precipitation intensity（PI） exerts considerable inffluence on both the carrier-to-noise ratio and the rate of missing DWL data;however,PI has minimal effect on the wind speed bias of DWL measurements.Specifically,the rate of missing DWL data increased with increasing measurement height and PI.For PI classed as heavy rain or less(PI <12 mm·h-1),the DWL data below 300 m were considered valid,whereas for PI classed as a severe rainstorm(PI> 90 mm·h-1),only data below 100 m were valid.Up to the height of 300 m,the RMS of the DWL measurements was nearly half that of wind profile radar（WPR） estimates(4.32 m·s-1),indicating that DWL wind data are more accurate than WPR data under typhoon conditions.