Cellulose-based natural nanofibers for fresh produce packaging: current status, sustainability and future outlook

In recent years, the packaging of fresh produce has attracted the attention of researchers. The development of eco-friendly and biodegradable packaging materials with exceptional mechanical and barrier properties has reached great heights in research and development. To minimize the use of synthetic materials, natural nanofibers serve as an alternative to synthetic food packaging materials. This article focuses on the derivation of natural nanofibers (NNFs) from various sources along with their different production routes in detail. An in-depth analysis was performed to obtain the desired properties of natural nanofiber-based food packaging materials and modifications using their active agents to extend the shelf life of fresh produce. The article also presents a comprehensive analysis of the life cycle assessment and sustainability of natural nanofibers along with an outlook on its future prospects. Cellulose-based natural nanofibers in fresh produce packaging can provide benefits, including excellent barrier and carrier properties due to high surface area-to-volume ratio, which can help prevent spoilage and extend shelf life.