Masculine Threat and Stigma: Barriers to Help-Seeking for Gay and Bisexual Men Survivors

Sexual assault and abuse have detrimental impacts on gay and bisexual (GB) men's mental health. Nevertheless, many GB men survivors avoid seeking services due to concerns about non-affirming treatment from mental-health professionals and negative perceptions of masculinity if one seeks help for sexual trauma. This study investigated the impact of anticipated sexual assault stigma from mental-health professionals and masculine threat (the degree to which not feeling masculine lowers self-esteem) on help-seeking self-stigma among GB men survivors (N = 99). Both anticipated stigma and masculine threat associated with greater self-stigma of seeking help. When examining gay and bisexual men separately, anticipated stigma and masculine threat were significant for bisexual men, whereas anticipated stigma was the only significant variable for gay men. Implications discuss increasing attention toward the role of masculinity and anticipated stigma in help-seeking for sexual-minority men survivors and examining the unique experiences of these two populations rather than a one-size-fits-all approach.