A review on preparation and application of low-calorie structured lipids in food system

Low-calorie structured lipids are an advanced form of functional lipids made by changing the position of fatty acids attached to the glycerol backbone. The main reason for their production is to get nutraceutical lipids. Different methods are used to synthesize low-calorie structured lipids, like chemical or enzymatic methods. Initially, these lipids are prepared by using chemical methods. Synthesis of low-calorie structured lipids using enzymes is now in demand due to several advantages like good catalytic efficiency, environmentally friendly, and moderate reaction conditions. Enzymatic interesterification is mostly used in industries to make modified lipids like low-calorie structured lipids, human milk substitutes, cocoa butter equivalents, margarine, and shortenings. This review summarizes the synthesis, uses and clinical applications of modified lipids in food systems.