Barriers to Antiplatelet and Statin Adherence Following Major Vascular Intervention

Background: Antiplatelets and statins therapies are associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes following major vascular intervention. Many vascular surgery institutions are reporting improved prescribing rates for aspirin (ASA), P2Y12 antagonists, and statins. Nevertheless, there remains limited publication describing rates and patient-perceived barriers for postoperative adherence. The purpose of this study is to investigate patient nonadherence to antiplatelet and statin therapies following major vascular intervention. Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent major vascular intervention at a single academic center was performed. The prescribing rates of ASA, P2Y12 antagonists, and statins were reviewed. Postoperative adherence, defined as consistent intake as prescribed, was evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using electronic documentation of both follow-up clinic appointments and phone call assessments, then corroborated with pharmacy fulfilment records. Patient-reported barriers to medication adherence were also examined. Results: A total of 101 subjects underwent major vascular intervention between January 2020 and July 2020, 98% of whom were discharged on at least 1 antiplatelet or statin agent. Approximately 90% of patients were discharged with ASA, 32% with a P2Y12 antagonist, and 96% with a statin. All patients who maintained adherence up to 6 months continued to report adherence at 9 and 12 months. Consistent adherence at 12 months was documented in 76% of patients on ASA, 81% on P2Y12 antagonism therapy, and 73% on statins. New adverse drug reactions represented the most common barrier to achieving adherence (37% [n = 20]). Preoperative therapy with ASA, P2Y12 antagonists, and statins were all independently predictive of postoperative adherence to the same regimen (P < 0.001). The female gender was also associated with higher rates of adherence to postoperative P2Y12 antagonism therapy (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The current prescribing rates for antiplatelet and statin agents are promising, but postoperative nonadherence remains a multifaceted issue.