Exploring the immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: a review

Introduction: This study highlights the diverse roles of polysaccharides in health, focusing on their potential applications in inflammatory bowel disease. Polysaccharides are complex biopolymers consisting of bonded monosaccharides that possess branching or linear forms. Objective: As potential natural antioxidants and diabetes ameliorators, the study aimed on exploring the therapeutic applications of polysaccharides, particularly focusing its role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Sources of evidence: Electronic bibliographic databases like PUBMED and Google Scholar were used to find relevant peer-reviewed studies in English from 2008 to 2024. Finally, 51 studies were included in the analysis. Results: In inflammatory bowel disease, which is marked by mucosal inflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis, the interaction of genetics, environment, and gut microbiota highlights the significance of comprehending and treating dysbiosis for mucosal immunological health. Through their modulation of intestinal flora, the immune system, and inflammatory cytokines, polysaccharides significantly impact ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The intricate involvement of Toll-like receptors and downstream signalling pathways, including MAPK, GPCR, JAK-STAT and NF-kappa B, presents therapeutic opportunities for mitigating IBD complexities and restoring immune homoeostasis. Conclusion: Polysaccharides demonstrate multifaceted benefits including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory effects. By regulating cytokine signalling and supporting gut health, polysaccharides present promising avenues for developing therapeutics targeting inflammatory conditions, particularly inflammatory bowel diseases.