Modeling forest bird population trends at US Army Garrison Pōhakuloa Area, Hawai ' i

Hawaiian avifaunal communities have suffered irrevocable harm and significant threats remain for extant species. It is increasingly important to monitor and document bird density to improve our understanding of how remaining species respond to changing climate and emergent stressors. In this paper, we report annual densities (2003-2020) of two native and four non-native forest bird species in a region of Hawai ' i Island lacking previous estimates. We estimated long-term population trends and short-term trajectories within a Bayesian framework. Our findings support previous studies that demonstrated the negative impact of ungulate browsing on forest bird habitat. We also note a detection of the Japanese Bush Warbler ( Cettia diphone ), a recently documented nonnative species. The forest bird population trends presented here fill a regional gap and help extend the understanding of bird populations on Hawai ' i Island.