Advancements in freshwater aquaculture wastewater management: A comprehensive review

This review critically examines the contemporary challenges and innovative strategies in the management of wastewater from freshwater aquaculture, a sector pivotal to global food security. Emphasizing the increasing scale and intensity of aquaculture, the study foregrounds the environmental implications, notably the discharge of nutrient-rich effluents, contributing to water pollution and eutrophication. Key challenges highlighted include the effective reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and the mitigation of antibiotic resistance. The review encapsulates advancements in wastewater treatment technologies, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological methods, each evaluated for their efficacy and environmental impact. Special attention is given to emerging approaches such as recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and integrated treatment solutions, reflecting a shift towards sustainability and ecological stewardship in aquaculture practices. Additionally, the review underscores the critical role of regulatory frameworks and stakeholder participation in achieving sustainable wastewater management. By offering a comprehensive synthesis of current methodologies and prospective innovations, this study contributes to the academic discourse on freshwater aquaculture wastewater management, providing valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers committed to advancing sustainable and responsible aquaculture practices.