The interface compatibility between solid-state electrolytes and lithium/ silicon anodes: Challenges, recent progress and perspectives

Solid-state electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries have been considered the next-generation technology for safety and high-energy electrochemical energy storage systems. However, the stable interfaces between the electrode materials and suitable solid-state electrolytes are still great challenges. In this review, the interface problems of solid-state electrolytes with metal lithium anodes and silicon anodes are clarified and classified into four aspects: high interface resistance, restricted ions transport channels, side interface reactions, and potential lithium dendrites. Then available solutions are introduced and analyzed from the modification of the electrolyte composition, constructing interfacial protective layers, designing the solid electrolyte interface layers, to the structural modulation of the anodes. Moreover, to examine the interfacial issues and understand the mechanisms of interfacial interactions between the solid-state electrolytes and anodes, advanced characterization techniques are summarized and discussed. Through the in-depth analysis of solid-solid contact interfaces, a clear outlook is presented for tackling the challenges and identifying opportunities to enhance compatibility and reduce interface resistance between electrodes and SSEs.