Clinical and urodynamic findings in children and adolescents with neurogenic bladder undergoing augmentation cystoplasty: a systematic review

BackgroundAugmentation cystoplasty (AC) is a procedure to improve the clinical and urodynamic parameters of neurogenic bladder (NB) in children and adolescents refractory to other treatments. We performed a systematic review to investigate these parameters in children and adolescents with NB undergoing AC.MethodsWe followed PRISMA guidelines and searched electronic databases until March 2024 for studies involving patients aged three to 19 years diagnosed with NB undergoing AC. We assessed clinical and urodynamic parameters before and after surgery, focusing on improvements in urinary incontinence, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), bladder capacity, compliance, and end filling detrusor pressure (EFP).ResultsA total of 212 NB patients underwent AC and were evaluated for urinary incontinence before and after surgery. Two studies showed a 76.5% to 78.9% improvement in incontinence without bladder outlet procedures (BOP). Another study found no significant difference in incontinence improvement rates between AC with and without BOP. The VUR resolution rate assessed in three studies ranged from 12.5 to 64%. Three studies showed a variation in bladder capacity from 52.8 to 70% of the expected bladder capacity pre-AC to 95.9 to 119%, post-AC. A fourth study showed a variation in bladder capacity from 87 ml pre-AC to 370 ml post-AC. Two studies showed a variation from 3.2 to 4.6 ml/cm H2O pre-AC to 13.7 to 41.3 ml/cm H2O post-AC in bladder compliance. The EFP in three studies varied from 37.2 to 47.6 cm H2O pre-AC to 11 to 17.4 cm H2O post-AC.ConclusionAfter AC, urinary incontinence, bladder capacity, EFP, and bladder compliance improved in children and adolescents with NB.Graphical abstractA higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information