Determination of the post-mortem interval using forensically important Sarcophagidae

Background: Estimating the age of Sarcophagidae' pupa is a challenge in forensic entomology because the postmortem anatomical and morphological changes are not easily determined. Therefore, accurate estimation of pupal age is crucial for assessing the minimum postmortem interval (minPMI). Objective: To detect the insect concerned with decomposition of dead animal remains in the Egyptian environment, specifically focusing on the life stages at the time of collection and the time it takes for the colonizing insects to complete their development. Material and Methods: Sarcophaga life cycle stages collected from distributed animal tissues and buried animal carcasses were identified. Their characteristics were recorded microscopically, and the duration needed for the initial colonizing insects to develop and reach their full size or life stage at the time of collection was determined. Results: Collected Sarcophagidae larvae, pupae, and adults were identified. Estimation of the periods of their emergence and climate conditions showed that three larval instars appeared from day 2 till day 8, then pupae appeared on day 8 and finally adults emerged at day 16. The pupal period constituted approximately 50% of immature development. Conclusion: Determining the pre-pupal and intra-puparial development of household Sarcophagidae enables reliable estimation of minPMI which is valuable in forensic entomology.