Improving resilience of cyber-physical power systems against cyber attacks through strategic energy storage deployment

The widespread integration of advanced technologies has increased the vulnerability of Cyber-Physical Power Systems (CPPS) against cyber attacks. In addition, the incorporation of renewable energy sources (RESs) poses extra uncertainty challenges in CPPS security. In this paper, focusing on resilience assessment and improvement, we first propose a comprehensive framework to reveal the whole process from attack initiation to performance recovery. Then, regarding the protection strategies before and after cyber attacks, we improve resilience performance by protecting critical nodes and deploying energy storage nodes. The effectiveness of our proposed methods is validated through testing on a simulated model, which couples the IEEE 39-bus power system with a scale-free communication network. The results demonstrate that the deployment of energy storage plays a significant role in suppressing the uncertainty of RESs and improving the resilience of CPPS against cyber attacks. In addition, we employ a heuristic algorithm to optimize the placement of energy storage nodes. Our work not only represents an overview of the resilience process but also provides system dispatchers with practical strategies for improving the resilience of renewable CPPS against the growing threat of cyber attacks.