Effect of Co doped BCT on structural, microstructural, dielectric, and multiferroic properties

The structural, microstructural, dielectric, optical, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of cobalt doped barium calcium titanate (BCT) (Ba 0.80 Ca 0.20 Ti 1-x Co x O 3 with x = 0.000, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020) ceramics have been reported in this paper. The ceramic samples were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. For all of the prepared samples, the tetragonal structure with the space group P4mm 4 mm has been confirmed using the refinement method through Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) micrographs revealed that the average particle size exists in micrometre range (0.3-0.8) mu m. Optical studies revealed a gradual decrease in the energy bandgap from 3.31 eV to 2.71 eV with increasing doping concentration. A decreasing trend was observed in the dielectric characteristics of the material with changing frequencies at room temperature. Ferroelectric (P-E loops) analysis displayed an increase in both remnant polarization and maximum polarization of the ceramic with the increasing applied electric field. The highest value for the energy storage efficiency (eta) was calculated to be 20.51 %. Magnetic analysis conducted at room temperature revealed the enhancement in ferromagnetism with the increase in doping concentration.