An extended model for evacuation considering pedestrian behavior of emergency avoidance in the earthquake situation

In earthquake situations, emergency avoidance is an important way to ensure the life safety of pedestrians. To study the behavior of emergency avoidance of pedestrians in a disaster situation, an extended cellular automata model for pedestrian evacuation is established according to the real video records. The concepts of "avoidance rate" and "avoidance time" are introduced to describe emergency avoidance behavior. The trampling behavior of pedestrians is also considered in the model, which draws on the concept of repulsive force in the social force model. Taking into account both evacuation time and stampede probability, the total risk index is used to describe the overall evacuation risk. The single-story teaching building was used as an evacuation scene. Parameters affecting the whole evacuation process and overall evacuation risk such as avoidance rate and avoidance time were analyzed. What's more, seven evacuation strategies were discussed in detail. The study shows that reasonable arrangement of pedestrian evacuation with avoidance rate and avoidance time in a certain range can reduce congestion and improve the safety of evacuation and the evacuation time will not increase obviously. This work can provide theoretical references for evaluating the overall risk of evacuation and also provide technical support for formulating evacuation strategies under earthquakes.