Unlocking the potential of long-duration energy storage: Pathways to net-zero emissions through global innovation and collaboration

This paper investigates the pivotal role of Long-Duration Energy Storage (LDES) in achieving net-zero emissions, emphasizing the importance of international collaboration in R &D. The study examines the technological, financial, and regulatory challenges of LDES technologies, including thermal storage, flow batteries, compressed air energy storage, and pumped hydro storage. Using a combination of literature review, case studies, and statistical analysis, the paper identifies innovative solutions to these challenges, highlighting the critical role of LDES in integrating renewable energy, stabilizing the grid, and providing a reliable power supply. Key findings include the necessity for supportive policies, increased R &D investment, and the demonstration of successful LDES implementations. The paper concludes by discussing future directions for LDES technologies, underscoring the urgent need for technological innovation, cost reduction, and regulatory support to accelerate the global energy transition towards a sustainable, reliable, and carbon-neutral future.