Exploring the zero-valent iron (ZVI) mediated transformation of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in anammox system using FT-ICR MS and fluorescence spectroscopy

With fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), this study evaluated the performance of zero-valent iron (ZVI) enhanced anammox process for treating fulvic acids (FA)-containing wastewater and investigated the fate of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) at the molecular level. The results showed that ZVI increased the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate of the anammox system by approximately 10% and reduced the organic matter fluorescence intensity by 21%. Specifically, microbial humic-like C1 and terrestrial humic-like C4 components were preferentially degraded by ZVI among the fluorescence components (C1-C4). Moreover, ZVI significantly altered the transformation pathways of DON molecules in anammox. The number of precursors molecular formulas increased from 1617 to 2002, attributed to the elimination of high molecular weight (MW) (>500 Da) molecules. Specifically, DON molecules with high O/C were degraded under the effect of ZVI, while some high MW were resisted. The original products generated from anammox consortia metabolism and FA degradation underwent secondary reactions with ZVI, thereby decreased the O/C of products molecular formulas. Furthermore, anammox process was subjected to the most carboxylic acid reaction, including decarboxylation and reduction of carboxylic acids. For CHON molecules, a significant number of reactions involving the reduction of nitro groups contributed to the reduction of wastewater toxicity, which improved the overall performance.