Review of recent composite bipolar plate in system development

Composite bipolar plates (BPP) composed of conductive carbon and insulating resin are promising for electrochemical systems due to their combined mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and chemical stability. However, the optimal BPP characteristics vary significantly. While both metallic and composite BPP are commonly used in fuel cells, redox flow batteries (RFB) preferred composite BPP that prioritize corrosion resistance and minimal leakage. Conversely, electrolysers may require alternative BPP materials due to potential limitations with carbon-based options. The current obstacles are also examined, and other potential areas for further research are suggested. Currently, there has not been a comprehensive review study published on the topic of BPP technology specifically for the fuel cell, RFB, and electrolyser system. By critically evaluating BPP technology across these diverse electrochemical systems, this review provide guideline for selection of appropriate strategies for optimizing the efficiency of each device type.