Fruits that heal: A comprehensive review on bioactive compounds and therapeutic properties of fruits and their implications on human health

Fruits along with vegetables are known as protective foods as they are rich source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and antioxidants. They are known to prevent health problems like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. India is home for many indigenous fruit varieties whose growth is limited to particular region. These fruit crops have high nutritional and medicinal properties but commercial cultivation is lacking. In recent times, more emphasis is being given to the exotic fruits for their high nutritional value but most of the under-exploited fruit crops in India are rich in nutritional and medicinal value and they act as main source of many ayurvedic formulations. These fruits are abundantly grown by the local due to lack of scientific knowledge regarding their therapeutic value and may be due to difference in palate preference, as commercial cultivation of fruits is mainly focused on national and international demand. These fruits are rich in nutrient elements, vitamins and minerals and bioactive compounds, have nutraceutical value with therapeutic and antioxidant properties which improves human immune system. They are known to have great potential to cure several deficiency disorders and chronic diseases. Found in various fruits, flavonoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular benefits. Fruits contain phytochemicals such as stilbenes, tannins, coumarin, and saponins, which contribute to their therapeutic potential. Fruits are rich in antioxidants, which help to protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Certain fruits, like berries, cherries, and citrus fruits, have antiinflammatory properties that may benefit conditions like arthritis and cardiovascular diseases. Some fruits, such as grapes (resveratrol) and citrus fruits (limonoids), have compounds with potential anticancer effects. Fruits with soluble fiber (e.g., apples, pears) can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve gut health. Consuming fruits rich in potassium (e.g., bananas, oranges) supports heart health.