Energetic Calcium Phosphate Nanominerals for Osteoporosis Treatment

Energy metabolism disorders leading to tissue destruction are major causes of osteoporosis. While efficacious, bone repair strategies that modulate energy metabolism pose considerable challenges. Herein, an energetic calcium phosphate nanominerals (ECPN) is developed using polyphosphate as an energy source for osteoporosis treatment. ECPN promotes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the physiological environment, providing energy to attain metabolic homeostasis. It significantly enhances rBMSCs' autophagy capacity by activating the AMPK-related pathway, promoting osteogenic differentiation, and rebuilding the bone regeneration microenvironment. ECPN's unique nanostructure can fully mineralize collagen fibers, enhancing the bone matrix's mechanical properties. In vivo, ECPN rapidly infiltrates osteoporotic bones, fills defects, mineralizes the matrix, and promotes new-bone formation. The repaired bone exhibits mechanical properties comparable to those of normal bones. ECPN balances the time-sensitive need for immediate bone matrix mineralization and long-term construction of an osteogenic microenvironment during osteoporosis treatment. The potential of this metabolic fuel for generating functional nanomaterials for tissue engineering has been underestimated in the past. The concept of an energetic nanomineral for tissue regeneration may elicit new trends in tissue engineering. An energetic calcium phosphate nanomineral with polyphosphate as an energy source and stabilizer is designed and synthesized. This nanomineral could reestablish osteogenic microenvironments with an imbalance in energy metabolism and replenish a significant amount of minerals in osteoporotic bones (OBs), thereby repairing the OBs into healthy bones. image