Nanotechnology Products in Agriculture and Environmental Protection: Advances and Challenges

T HE APPLICATION of nanotechnology (NT) is bringing about an enormous shift in the agricultural and environmental protection industries by providing innovative solutions to old problems. The review article summarizes the latest advancements and challenges in the use of nanotechnology (NT) across various fields. In agriculture, nanotechnology has transformed precision farming by enhancing soil and plant health, which leads to increased crop yields and reduced need for chemical inputs. Nano-pesticides and nano-fertilizers contribute to this by improving the efficiency and precision of pest control and nutrient delivery, thereby minimizing resource waste and environmental pollution. In environmental protection, nanomaterials are used for water filtration, air quality monitoring, and the cleanup of polluted areas, showcasing their broad applications in addressing environmental issues. Adsorbents and catalysts with a nanostructure allow for removing organic impurities, heavy metals, and pollutants with less energy consumption and more efficiency than conventional approaches. Despite these encouraging developments, several challenges remain before nanotechnology (NT) can be fully utilized in agriculture and environmental protection. Key concerns include the potential toxicity of nanoparticles to humans and non-target organisms, the lack of comprehensive regulatory frameworks, and the need for extensive research into the long-term environmental impacts of nanomaterials. Additionally, obstacles such as high costs and the complexity of scaling up manufacturing volumes pose significant barriers to the widespread adoption of nanotechnology. To overcome these obstacles and guarantee the safe and sustainable utilization of nanotechnology's benefits, scientists, legislators, and industry stakeholders must work together across disciplines. This review article shows how nanotechnology might revolutionize our future by making it more sustainable. Furthermore, it is also crucial to deal with regulatory obstacles associated with NT.