Interaction between healthcare providers and parents of children or adolescents with epilepsy: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis

Aims: This study aimed to explore the interactions between healthcare providers and parents of children or adolescents with epilepsy. A qualitative systematic review based on the theory-generating meta-synthesis research approach proposed by Finfgeld-Connett (2018) was applied. Materials and Methods: We searched for empirical qualitative studies in five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science), from January 1, 2003 to February 9, 2023. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to guide the selection process, and two researchers independently assessed the methodological quality of the articles using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative Studies Checklist. Results: Of the 4,768 studies initially imported for screening, 27 studies were reviewed and synthesized. Only one qualitative study directly focused on the interactions between parents and healthcare providers, but various studies mentioning such interaction as themes or sub-themes of other phenomena allowed us to draw out common attributes. Defining attribute, "journey through the three stages of interaction," were derived as follows: Stage 1: trust vs. mistrust; Stage 2: autonomy vs. doubt; Stage 3: adaptation. The antecedents included encounters with healthcare providers and parent empowerment. A patient-centered approach was found to be the consequence. Conclusion: It is important for parents of children or adolescents with epilepsy to empower themselves and increase their interactions. Considering the stage of interaction, healthcare providers and researchers should explore strategies to promote effective communication. Further research is required to develop strategies aimed at supporting parents and healthcare providers to achieve the tasks at each stage and maintain Stage 3, "adaptation."