DOX-PLGA Nanoparticles Effectively Suppressed the Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines TNF-a, IL-6, iNOS, and IL-1β in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line

Background: Inflammation contributes to cancer pathobiology through different mechanisms. Higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to hyperinflammation and promote cancer development and metastasis. For cancer treatment, Doxorubicin (DOX) can be encapsulated into the poly-lactic-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. This study aimed to investigate the impact of doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (DOX-PLGA NP) on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes TNF-alpha, IL-6, iNOS, and IL1 beta in the MCF-7 cells. Methods: The DOX-PLGA NP was prepared by loading doxorubicin into PLGA and characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles was determined by the MTT assay, and their impacts on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes were assessed by qRT-PCR. Results: The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 60 +/- 1.5 and 1.13 +/- 0.21 percent, respectively. The zeta potential and mean DOX-PLGA nanoparticle size were -18 +/- 0.550 mV and 172 +/- 55.6 nm, respectively. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the DOX-PLGA NP on MCF-7 cell viability was 24.55 mu g/mL after 72 hours of treatment. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the 20 mu g/mL concentration of the DOX-PLGA NP significantly suppressed the expression of the pro-inflammatory genes TNF-alpha, IL-6, iNOS, and IL-1 beta compared to DOX alone (20 mu g/mL). Additionally, the suppression effect of DOX-PLGA NP on the expression of these pro-inflammatory genes was dose-dependent. Conclusion: These results show that DOX-PLGA NP efficiently suppressed the expression of proinflammatory genes. Furthermore, encapsulation of DOX into PLGA nanoparticles significantly improved the effectiveness of DOX in suppressing pro-inflammatory genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.