CFRP surface ply-centric electrified spatiotemporal self-heating for anti-icing/de-icing

With the widespread application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) in engineering, the characteristics of uniformly carbon fiber (CF) orientation within a single-ply and laminated structure have inspired us to develop high-efficiency, low-consumption, manufacture-friendly, and non-destructive anti-icing/de-icing methods. Here, we propose a CFRP surface ply-centric electrified spatiotemporal self-heating (STSH) approach, which utilizes CFs in the surface ply as natural heating elements to achieve in-situ adaptable electrothermal anti-icing/de-icing. By adjusting the current waveform, the temporal heating profile can flexibly switch between a consistently stable temperature and periodically high peak temperatures, meeting the different heating characteristics required for anti-icing and de-icing, respectively. Simultaneously, the entangled CFs branch current, generating a spatial temperature gradient that enhances the design flexibility of temperature distribution. This enables energy concentration in icing-prone areas while maintaining a baseline temperature in less susceptible areas, thus reducing energy waste by up to 20%. Overall, this STSH approach is simple, efficient, and holds significant application potential, offering an innovative and feasible solution to long-standing challenges associated with anti-icing/de-icing.