Community pharmacists' perceptions and experiences of medicine shortages in disruptive situations: a qualitative study

BackgroundMedicine shortages are a challenge in upper, lower and middle-income countries, including South Africa. In recent years, community pharmacists, in Durban, South Africa, have experienced the COVID-19 pandemic, flooding, civil unrest and electricity disruptions. Little is known about the impact of these disruptions on medicine shortages in community pharmacies.AimTo explore community pharmacists' perceptions and their experiences with medicine shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic and other disruptive situations.MethodConvenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in person or via an online video conferencing platform, which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using the Framework Method, the transcripts were analysed thematically on NVivo 14 software.ResultsFifteen community pharmacists were interviewed. Five major themes emerged from thematic analysis: general perceptions of medicine shortages, the impact of disruptive situations, the consequences of medicine shortages, mitigation strategies; and further suggestions and resources. Disruptive situations were perceived to exacerbate shortages. Participants perceived a negative financial impact on patients and pharmacies, with out-of-pocket costs affecting the former and loss of income affecting the latter. The mitigation strategies used were contacting stakeholders, medicine substitution and stock management.ConclusionCommunity pharmacists felt that improved communication, collaboration, policies, notification systems and guidelines would mitigate shortages.