Horseradish peroxidase enzyme/graphene oxide based electrochemical biosensor for detection of glutathione

Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide composed of three amino acids: cysteine, glycine, and glutamate. It is essential to many different living things as an antioxidant. Glutathione serves as a key biomarker and its detection is crucial for studying its levels in living bodies, providing insights into various diseases. In this work, we present the use of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor to detect glutathione utilizing a graphene oxide modified Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrode immobilized with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The modified electrode was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and spectrum showed that HRP was successfully immobilized onto GO. The electrochemical behavior of the modified ito was examined by cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated HRP/GO/ITO electrode has better electrocatalytic activity than bare ito in the oxidation of GSH in acetate buffer solution. The electrochemical sensor had a 1 mu M detection limit and a linear range of 10 mu M to 50 mu M. The HRP/GO/ITO electrode resulted improved electrocatalytic properties, long-term stability, good repeatability and high sensitivity, and, along with a quick response to detect GSH. Additionally, GSH concentration in real sample was measured using the HRP/GO/ITO modified electrode.