Effects of Warm Compresses on the Perineal Area During the Active Phase of Labor: A Quasi- Experimental Study

Background A perineal tear refers to any injury to the female genitalia during labor, which can occur spontaneously or with the use of instruments. An episiotomy, a surgical procedure, is sometimes performed to enlarge the vaginal orifice to facilitate delivery. Ineffective management of labor pain can result in negative physiological and psychosocial outcomes. Objective This study aims to investigate the effect of warm compresses on the perineal area during active labor. Methods This quasi-experimental study utilized a convenience sample, dividing 80 mothers into intervention and control groups. Participants were randomly assigned to groups after meeting the inclusion criteria and signing consent forms. The inclusion criteria encompassed pregnant women aged 18 years or older with a healthy singleton pregnancy, a cephalic presentation, and a gestational age of 37 weeks or more. The women were in the active phase of the first stage of labor (6-7 cm cervical dilation). In Part I, a data collection tool was developed to gather sociodemographic data, obstetrical history, and initial assessment information. Part II assessed perineal pain using the Visual Analogue Scale. Part III collected data on the perineal status post- delivery, and Part IV gathered information about the newborns. The research was conducted in the labor unit at East Jeddah Hospital, with data collection occurring from November 2022 to February 2023. Results The results of this study revealed that the mean second-stage labor pain score was 9.73 for the control group and 8.68 for the intervention group. In the third stage of labor, the mean pain score was 4.52 for the control group and 2.75 for the intervention group. During the fourth stage of labor, the mean pain score for the control group was 2.90, compared to 1.50 for the intervention group. In terms of perineal outcomes, 17 participants (42.5%) in the intervention group had an intact perineum, compared to 11 participants (27.5%) in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the episiotomy rate between the two groups. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that applying a warm compress to the perineal area during active labor can enhance perineal intactness and significantly reduce perineal pain. Future research could explore the challenges nurses encounter when applying warm compresses to the perineum during labor.